Legal Metrology

Rules for moisture meters in agriculture is one of the most important factors in determining the quality, price, and storage life of agricultural products like grains and oilseeds. Until now, India has not had a uniform rule to ensure that moisture meters used in markets, warehouses, and procurement centres give accurate and consistent results. Different devices often showed different readings – leading to disputes between farmers, traders, and buyers. To fix this, the Government of India, through the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, has introduced new Legal Metrology Rules for Moisture Meters in Agriculture. These rules will come into effect from January 1, 2026, and are designed to bring transparency, accuracy, and fairness to agricultural trade. What Are the New Rules for Moisture Meters? The Legal Metrology (General) Fourth Amendment Rules, 2025 have added a new Part XII in the Eighth Schedule of the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011. This new section specifies technical, metrological, and verification requirements for moisture meters used in cereal grains and oilseeds. The new rules will apply from January 1, 2026. The rules standardise how moisture meters should perform and how they are verified. They cover both Indian-made and imported moisture meters. Every device must be tested and certified before it is sold or used commercially. Why Were These Rules Introduced? The government introduced these rules because inconsistent moisture readings caused: Disputes over pricing between farmers and traders. Losses to farmers, because some buyers used inaccurate devices. Quality mismatches in storage and export. Lack of transparency in agricultural trade. By setting uniform national standards, the government ensures that every farmer and buyer uses the same reliable method of moisture measurement. Who Needs to Comply With These Rules? The new rules apply to all stakeholders in the grain and oilseed trade: Manufacturers and Importers – must produce or import only those moisture meters that meet the new Legal Metrology standards. Traders, Mandis, and Warehouses – must use certified moisture meters for trade and quality checks. Government Procurement Agencies (like FCI, NAFED) – must ensure that their field offices use verified moisture meters. Testing Laboratories and Calibration Centres – will be authorised to test, stamp, and certify devices. What Are the Technical Standards for Moisture Meters? The new Legal Metrology Part XII outlines technical and performance standards, such as: Type Approval Requirement: Every model must be approved before sale. Test Samples: Meters must be tested using representative grains or oilseeds within realistic moisture ranges (e.g. 6%–20%). Maximum Permissible Error (MPE): Limits will be set for acceptable variation in readings. Display Requirements: The type of grain or oilseed being tested must be shown on the screen. Data Integrity: Meters must protect stored readings from alteration. Ease of Verification: Instruments should allow inspection and calibration by Legal Metrology officers. User Manual: Manufacturers must provide clear instructions on use and maintenance. What Is the Verification and Certification Process? All moisture meters must undergo Legal Metrology verification and stamping before use. Apply for Type Approval – Manufacturers submit their product for testing at a Government Approved Test Centre (GATC). Testing & Evaluation – The device is checked for accuracy, consistency, and compliance with moisture meter standards. Verification by State LM Office – Before being sold or used, each device is verified and stamped by a Legal Metrology officer. Periodic Re-Verification – Devices already in use must be re-verified periodically to ensure continued accuracy. What Happens to Existing Moisture Meters? All moisture meters already in use must be verified and stamped within one year of the notification of the rules. Non-compliant devices may need replacement if they fail to meet new accuracy standards. Farmers, mandis, and warehouses should start testing their devices early to avoid penalties. What Are the Penalties for Non-Compliance? If anyone uses, sells, or imports moisture meters without proper verification: The device may be seized or rejected. The business may face fines and penalties under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009. Non-compliance can also lead to loss of credibility and trade disruptions. Benefits of the New Moisture Meter Rules   S.No. Benefit Impact 1. Accurate Moisture Readings Fair pricing for farmers and traders 2. Reduced Disputes Standardised methods eliminate conflicts 3. Improved Trade Transparency Boosts trust in the agri-supply chain 4. Better Export Quality Aligns India with international standards 5. Stronger Consumer Protection Prevents the use of fake or inaccurate meters How Can Stakeholders Prepare for the New Rules for Moisture Meters in Agriculture? Stakeholders should begin early preparation to ensure full compliance with the new Legal Metrology rules coming into effect. For Manufacturers: Upgrade moisture meters to meet new accuracy standards. Apply for type approval from Legal Metrology authorities. For Importers & Dealers: Import and sell only type-approved devices. Maintain proper certification and compliance records. For Farmers & Traders: Use only verified moisture meters with a Legal Metrology stamp. Replace uncertified or outdated devices. For Government & LM Departments: Audit existing equipment and organise awareness drives. Ensure smooth implementation and enforcement by 2026. When will the New Rules for Moisture Meters come into Effect? The new Legal Metrology rules for moisture meters will apply from January 1, 2026, across India. Do these Rules Apply to Both Grain and Oilseed Moisture meters? Yes, the rules cover moisture meters for all cereal grains and oilseeds used for trade, storage, and quality testing.  

Every time we buy goods by weight, volume, or length – be it vegetables by the kilo, milk by the litre, or fabric by the meter we trust that what’s shown on the scale or label is correct. Accurate measurement standards are crucial to ensure that consumers are not cheated, that businesses operate fairly, and that marketplaces are transparent and trustworthy. In India, Legal Metrology laws enforce these measurement standards. They mandate that weighing and measuring instruments meet approved specifications, and that pre-packed goods carry correct information. This framework is designed to protect consumer rights and maintain fairness in trade. In this article, we explore how accurate measurement standards contribute to consumer protection, how they are enforced, their impact on businesses, and what challenges and responsibilities lie ahead. What Are Accurate Measurement Standards? Accurate measurement standards refer to the rules, guidelines, and reference benchmarks that define how precise and reliable a measurement instrument must be in capturing weight, length, volume, or other units. These standards define tolerances (acceptable error margins) for measuring devices (e.g., a scale may have ±0.1 g tolerance). They include calibration protocols where a measuring instrument is compared against a certified standard. They involve periodic verification to ensure continued accuracy over time. These standards ensure that measurements are consistent, reproducible, and fair across different regions and uses. Why Is Accurate Measurement Essential for Consumer Protection? Accurate measurement standards serve as a foundation for protecting consumers in multiple ways: Ensures Fairness in Trade: Customers receive exactly what they are charged for; no under-weighing or overcharging. Prevents Fraud and Misleading Practices: Traders cannot manipulate or tamper with instruments to cheat consumers. Builds Confidence in Marketplace: Consumers trust prices and product quantities when standards are enforced. Creates Accountability for Businesses: Sellers are legally obliged to use verified and approved measuring devices. Legal Redress: If disputes arise, measurement standards provide objective criteria for adjudication (e.g. in courts or consumer forums). Without strong measurement standards, trade becomes unbalanced and consumers lose trust. How Does Legal Metrology Enforce Measurement Standards in India? Legal Metrology is the branch of government that oversees measurement standards. In India, the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, and the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, govern these practices. Key enforcement mechanisms include: Model Approval: Only measuring instrument models approved by the authority may be manufactured, imported, or used in trade. Verification & Stamping: Devices must be periodically verified and stamped (sealed), indicating they meet accuracy norms before being used commercially. Inspection & Seizure: Officers may inspect premises, check devices, and seize non-compliant or tampered instruments. Penalties & Prosecution: Violations — such as using an inaccurate instrument — can lead to fines or criminal action. Consumer Complaints & Redress: Consumers can lodge complaints with Legal Metrology authorities if they suspect incorrect measurement or non-stamping. These elements ensure that measurement standards are not just theoretical—they are actively enforced on the ground. What Are the Responsibilities of Businesses under Measurement Standards? For businesses, compliance with accurate measurement standards comes with clear responsibilities: Use Approved Instruments: Only devices with model approval should be used. Maintain Calibration & Verification Schedule: Instruments must be regularly calibrated and verified. Display Correct Information: Pre-packed goods must carry correct declarations (net quantity, manufacturer, date). Keep Records: Maintain logs of verification, calibration, and instrument maintenance. Respond to Inspections: Allow Legal Metrology officers to inspect and cooperate. Avoid Tampering: Do not interfere with seals or modify the instrument to bypass accuracy. Businesses that meet these obligations not only comply with the law but also build reputation and customer satisfaction. How Do Measurement Standards Impact E-Commerce & Digital Trade? With the rise of online shopping and smart devices, accurate measurement gains new importance: Remote Weighing Devices: Smart scales in homes or kiosks that upload data must comply with legal accuracy standards. Pre-Packaged Goods Online: Products sold online must still show correct quantities, and measurement claims must be accurate. Digital Verification: Some devices may allow remote verification or real-time monitoring logs to prove compliance. Cross-Border Trade: Imported weighing instruments or packaged goods must comply with India’s measurement standards. Thus, measurement standards must evolve to cover digital and e-commerce paradigms as well. What Challenges Exist in Ensuring Accurate Measurement Standards? Implementing and enforcing measurement standards face several challenges: Diverse Geography & Reach: Rural or remote areas may lack inspection coverage or infrastructure. Resource Constraints: Limited manpower, equipment, or funding for regular verification in many states. Technological Complexity: Smart / IoT-enabled measuring devices introduce new calibration, software, or security issues. Awareness Gap: Many small-scale traders or consumers are not aware of measurement rights. Instrument Ageing & Wear: Over time, instruments drift or degrade and need recalibration; many get ignored. Counterfeit Devices & Tampering: Non-approved or altered devices undermine standards. Addressing these challenges requires investment, technology adoption, and regulatory modernisation. What Future Trends Are Shaping Measurement Standards for Consumer Protection?   Looking ahead, measurement standards and consumer protection will evolve along these lines: IoT & Remote Monitoring: Instruments that self-report calibration data and usage logs. Blockchain & Traceability: Secure, tamper-evident logs of weighing history. Adaptive Standards: Dynamic tolerance standards based on use-case and environment. Mobile & Consumer Tools: Apps where consumers can validate weight readings or report deviations. Harmonisation with Global Metrology: Aligning Indian standards with OIML and international systems. Stronger Legal Integration: Laws tying consumer rights directly to measurement accuracy violations. These trends will strengthen the link between technical measurement and real-world consumer rights. Can a consumer demand verification of a weighing machine used by a shop? Yes, in many jurisdictions, consumers can request to see verification certificates, stamps, or calibration records. Does measurement fraud only affect grocery or small items? No – it can affect any transaction involving weight, length, or volume, including industrial goods, chemicals, or even precious metals.

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into weighing instruments has completely transformed how industries measure, monitor, and manage weight data. IoT-enabled weighing instruments are digital weighing systems connected to the internet, allowing real-time data collection, storage, and analysis. These smart devices are widely used in logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, retail, and agriculture, helping improve efficiency, accuracy, and regulatory compliance. In India, such instruments must comply with the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, ensuring accuracy and fair trade practices. What Are IoT-Enabled Weighing Instruments? IoT-enabled weighing instruments are advanced electronic weighing systems that connect to cloud platforms or networks to record and transmit weight data automatically. They are equipped with sensors, communication modules (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or GSM), and data analytics tools that help industries track weight remotely, automate reports, and reduce human errors. These systems go beyond traditional scales—they not only measure weight but also: Record usage history automatically. Send alerts for overloads or calibration needs. Integrate with ERP or warehouse management systems. Provide predictive maintenance and performance monitoring. How Do IoT-Enabled Weighing Instruments Work? IoT-based weighing instruments combine sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules. The process typically involves: Data Collection: Load cells capture the weight data. Data Conversion: Microcontrollers convert analog signals into digital readings. Connectivity: Devices use Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or GSM to send data to cloud platforms. Storage & Processing: Cloud servers analyze the data and generate reports. Access & Control: Users access real-time information through dashboards or mobile apps. This smart data flow ensures continuous monitoring, instant updates, and improved decision-making. What Are the Benefits of IoT-Enabled Weighing Instruments? IoT-enabled weighing instruments offer several benefits for both businesses and consumers: Real-Time Monitoring: Instant weight data visibility across multiple sites. Error Reduction: Automation minimizes manual data entry errors. Efficiency: Speeds up weighing and record-keeping processes. Predictive Maintenance: Alerts when calibration or servicing is due. Data Integration: Syncs easily with ERP or inventory systems. Remote Access: Managers can access weight data from any location. Regulatory Compliance: Ensures adherence to Legal Metrology standards for accuracy and reporting. What Are the Applications of IoT-Enabled Weighing Instruments? IoT-based weighing systems are widely used across different industries: Manufacturing: For process automation and material tracking. Retail: For smart checkout systems and accurate billing. Healthcare: For patient monitoring and automated medical records. Agriculture: To track yields and automate livestock feeding systems. Logistics and Transport: To monitor cargo weight during movement. How Does Legal Metrology Apply to IoT-Enabled Weighing Instruments? In India, IoT-enabled weighing instruments must comply with the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011. Manufacturers and importers must ensure: The device meets approved model specifications. It carries a valid verification stamp. It adheres to packaging and labeling standards if sold in pre-packaged form. All digital data recorded must maintain accuracy as per Legal Metrology verification standards. These compliances guarantee consumer protection and maintain trust in digital weighing technologies. What Are the Challenges in Implementing IoT-Based Weighing Instruments? While IoT offers many benefits, businesses may face some challenges: High Initial Cost: Smart devices and software subscriptions can be costly. Data Security Concerns: Internet-connected systems may face hacking risks. Integration Complexity: Linking with existing ERP systems may need customization. Regulatory Gaps: IoT data standards under Legal Metrology are still evolving. Calibration Maintenance: Continuous network calibration must be ensured. How Is IoT Shaping the Future of Weighing Technology? IoT is bringing innovation and automation to weighing systems worldwide. Future developments will include: AI-based predictive analytics for weight pattern recognition. Blockchain-enabled transparency in trade and logistics weighing. Edge computing for faster data processing. Sustainability tracking using smart weighing data to reduce waste. These upgrades will make weighing systems not just accurate but also intelligent, connected, and compliant with both Indian and global standards. Can IoT-based weighing scales be used for industrial automation? Absolutely. They are ideal for automated weighing, production tracking, and remote monitoring in manufacturing, logistics, and retail sectors.` Do IoT-enabled weighing instruments need Legal Metrology approval? Yes. All weighing instruments sold or used for trade in India must comply with Legal Metrology model approval and verification standards.

The growing awareness about environmental protection and responsible business practices has made sustainable packaging guidelines under legal metrology rules for Indian manufacturers and importers. Under the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011, all pre-packaged goods must follow specific labeling, quantity, and packaging standards to ensure transparency, accuracy, and consumer safety. Now, with global sustainability goals in focus, the Government of India is also emphasizing eco-friendly and recyclable packaging practices that align with Legal Metrology Rules and environmental laws. This article explains how sustainable packaging guidelines are being integrated within Legal Metrology compliance, why they are important, and what businesses must do to meet both environmental and labeling requirements. What Are Sustainable Packaging Guidelines under Legal Metrology Rules? Sustainable packaging guidelines are a set of practices that encourage businesses to use eco-friendly, recyclable, and minimal packaging materials while staying compliant with the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011. Under these rules, the focus is not only on ensuring accurate declarations such as weight, quantity, MRP, and manufacturer details but also on promoting packaging that: Reduces environmental impact, Uses recyclable or biodegradable materials, and Follows fair-trade labeling and sustainability standards. These guidelines are becoming an essential part of compliance for both domestic and imported packaged goods. Why Is Sustainable Packaging Important under Legal Metrology Compliance? Sustainable packaging is important because it: Reduces plastic waste and encourages eco-friendly materials. Improves brand credibility, showing responsibility towards the environment. Ensures that businesses meet both legal and environmental standards. Protects consumer interests by providing clear and accurate labelling. Helps India meet its Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets under the Plastic Waste Management Rules. Legal Metrology and environmental rules now go hand-in-hand to ensure accuracy, transparency, and sustainability in packaging. Which Authority Regulates Sustainable Packaging under Legal Metrology Rules? The main authorities include: Department of Consumer Affairs, which enforces the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and Packaged Commodities Rules, 2011. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), which regulates packaging materials through Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 (and amendments). Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), which issues standards for packaging materials and labeling practices. Together, these bodies ensure that sustainable packaging complies with both metrology accuracy and environmental protection standards. What Are the Legal Metrology Requirements Related to Packaging? Under the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011, every pre-packaged product must include: Name and address of manufacturer, packer, or importer Net quantity (weight, volume, or length) MRP (Maximum Retail Price) inclusive of all taxes Date of manufacture or import Consumer care contact details These requirements remain mandatory even when using eco-friendly packaging, ensuring that consumers get accurate product information. How Can Businesses Make Their Packaging Sustainable While Following Legal Metrology Rules? Businesses can follow these steps: Use recyclable or biodegradable materials instead of single-use plastics. Minimize over-packaging to reduce waste and cost. Adopt eco-labels that inform consumers about sustainability. Follow BIS standards for packaging quality and durability. Ensure label readability as per Rule 6 of the LMPC Rules. Align packaging practices with EPR obligations under plastic waste laws. This combination of sustainable and compliant packaging helps companies maintain both regulatory approval and environmental responsibility. How Do Sustainable Packaging Practices Support Legal Metrology Goals? Sustainable packaging supports Legal Metrology by: Ensuring accurate measurements and quantity declarations despite eco-material use. Promoting transparency and fairness in consumer trade. Encouraging ethical marketing through verified and non-deceptive labeling. Contributing to national sustainability goals under initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission and Make in India. What Are the Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Packaging under Legal Metrology? Some common challenges faced by businesses include: High cost of eco-friendly materials compared to traditional plastics. Limited availability of sustainable packaging suppliers in certain regions. Need for re-testing to ensure that new materials don’t affect product weight or labelling. Lack of awareness among small manufacturers about integrating sustainability into Legal Metrology compliance. To overcome these, companies can partner with certified vendors, train compliance teams, and use digital monitoring tools to track packaging compliance. How Is the Government Promoting Sustainable Packaging in India? The Indian government is encouraging sustainability through: Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2022 (EPR framework) for producers and importers. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mandates for plastic packaging reuse and recycling. Digital registration portals for packaging producers under CPCB and MoEFCC. Consumer awareness programs emphasising recyclable and minimal packaging. Industry collaborations for developing green alternatives. This unified approach ensures that Legal Metrology and environmental compliance are part of the same sustainability roadmap. What Is the Future Outlook of Sustainable Packaging under Legal Metrology Rules? The future of sustainable packaging in India looks promising, as: Businesses are shifting towards eco-design and minimal waste models. Technology integration, like QR codes, is improving traceability and recycling tracking. The government is likely to introduce mandatory sustainability declarations on labels. Consumer demand for ethical and green brands continues to grow. Thus, combining Legal Metrology compliance with sustainable packaging is no longer optional – it’s the future of responsible manufacturing and trade. Is sustainable packaging mandatory under Legal Metrology Rules? Not directly, but sustainable packaging must still comply with Legal Metrology labelling and quantity rules, while following environmental laws under the MoEFCC. Can biodegradable packaging materials affect Legal Metrology compliance? Yes, if not tested properly. Businesses must ensure that biodegradable or paper-based materials do not alter the declared weight or labelling clarity.

The Government of India has launched several schemes for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to promote growth, innovation, and self-reliance. These schemes help small businesses access finance, technology, infrastructure, and markets. However, to benefit from these programs, compliance with legal, financial, and quality regulations is essential. In this article, we will explore the major government schemes for MSMEs, their benefits, and how regulatory compliance plays a key role in ensuring sustainable business success. What are Government Schemes for MSMEs in India? Government schemes for MSMEs are support programs introduced by the Ministry of MSME and related departments to help small and medium businesses grow. These schemes provide assistance in finance, training, marketing, technology adoption, and export promotion. Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) – Provides financial assistance for starting new ventures. Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) – Offers collateral-free loans up to ₹2 crores. Micro and Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE-CDP) – Helps MSMEs set up clusters and common facilities. SFURTI (Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries) – Supports traditional industries like handloom and handicrafts. Udyam Registration – Simplifies business registration and access to government benefits. Why Are Government Schemes Important for MSMEs? Government schemes are crucial because they: Provide financial support to overcome funding gaps. Encourage innovation and technology adoption among small industries. Promote exports through incentives and trade assistance. Boost employment generation in manufacturing and services. Help MSMEs compete globally through quality and capacity development. These schemes act as a lifeline for small enterprises struggling with limited resources and market challenges. What Is the Role of Compliance in MSME Schemes? Compliance ensures that MSMEs follow legal and regulatory requirements, which is mandatory to access most government benefits. It includes: GST registration and filing Udyam registration certificateAdherence to labour laws and environmental norms Maintenance of proper accounts and audit reports Product quality certifications like BIS, FSSAI, or ISO Without proper compliance, MSMEs may face rejection of applications, penalties, or even loss of eligibility for financial aid. What Are the Key Government Schemes Supporting MSMEs in India? Here are some of the major schemes: PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme) Implemented by KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission). Provides subsidy up to 35% for manufacturing and service units. Encourages entrepreneurship and self-employment in rural and urban areas. CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Scheme) Jointly set up by the Ministry of MSME and SIDBI. Offers collateral-free loans up to ₹2 crores for new and existing businesses. MSME Champions Scheme Helps MSMEs in technology upgrading, market expansion, and infrastructure support. SFURTI Supports traditional industry clusters like coir, bamboo, and handicrafts. Provides funds for modernization and brand promotion. TReDS (Trade Receivables Discounting System) Enables MSMEs to get payments faster by discounting invoices through banks or NBFCs. Zero Defect Zero Effect (ZED) Certification Scheme Promotes quality and eco-friendly manufacturing. Helps MSMEs meet international standards and improve credibility. How Does Compliance Help MSMEs Benefit from Government Schemes? Compliance plays a direct role in: Eligibility – Only registered and compliant businesses can apply for schemes. Transparency – Maintains business credibility and trust with authorities. Funding Access – Banks and institutions require compliance documents before sanctioning loans. Avoiding Penalties – Proper compliance protects MSMEs from fines and legal actions. Improving Brand Image – Helps in gaining certifications like ISO and ZED. What Challenges Do MSMEs Face in Maintaining Compliance? Many MSMEs struggle with: Lack of awareness about legal obligations. High cost of certification and audit. Complexity of multiple regulatory filings. Limited digital and documentation skills. To overcome these, MSMEs can seek support from professional compliance consultants or online government portals like Udyam and MSME Samadhan. How Is the Government Supporting Compliance for MSMEs? The government has simplified compliance through: Single-window systems for registration and licensing. Digital platforms like Udyam Registration and Champions Portal. Capacity-building programs under MSME Development Institutes. Ease of Doing Business initiatives for small enterprises. These measures ensure that MSMEs can meet legal requirements without heavy paperwork or long delays. What Is the Future of MSME Schemes and Compliance in India? The future of MSME development in India looks strong, supported by: Increased digitalization of compliance processes. Focus on export-led growth and global competitiveness. Expansion of green and sustainable manufacturing under ZED and SFURTI. Integration of AI-based monitoring and real-time compliance tracking. The government is moving towards a compliance-light, growth-friendly ecosystem, making it easier for MSMEs to scale. Is Udyam registration mandatory to apply for MSME schemes? Yes. Udyam registration is compulsory for all MSMEs to avail financial and policy benefits from the government. How can MSMEs ensure full compliance? MSMEs can maintain compliance by regularly updating licenses, filing returns on time, and seeking guidance from legal or regulatory experts.

STQC (Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification) is a government organization under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) that ensures quality and security standards for electronic and IT products in India. From April 9, 2025, all CCTV or video surveillance products — especially IP/network cameras — must obtain STQC certification under the IoT System Certification Scheme (IoTSCS) before being sold or installed in India. This certification ensures that CCTV devices meet essential quality, performance, and cybersecurity requirements as per MeitY guidelines. It helps eliminate low-quality, insecure imports and strengthens India’s digital surveillance ecosystem. What is STQC Certification for CCTV Products? STQC Certification verifies that a CCTV device meets the Essential Requirements (ERs) defined by MeitY under the IoT System Certification Scheme (IoTSCS). It covers multiple aspects such as: Product performance and quality Cybersecurity and data protection Firmware and hardware integrity Communication security and encryption Reliability under environmental conditions This certification ensures that only secure and reliable CCTV systems are deployed in public and private infrastructure. Why Has STQC Certification Become Mandatory for CCTV? STQC certification became mandatory because India witnessed the circulation of untested and insecure imported CCTV systems. The certification aims to: Prevent cybersecurity threats and data breaches. Ensure safe surveillance systems for critical installations. Promote Make in India by supporting domestic manufacturing. Create uniform product standards across the country. Under Which Scheme Does the Certification Fall? CCTV products are certified under the IoT System Certification Scheme (IoTSCS). The IoTSCS outlines testing, evaluation, and certification procedures for all Internet of Things (IoT)-based products. What Are the Essential Requirements (ERs) for CCTV Products? Essential Requirements define the security and functional standards a CCTV device must meet. They include: Secure boot and encrypted firmware Access control and authentication Network security and communication encryption Supply chain security verification Cybersecurity protection and firmware update mechanisms Hardware reliability and performance checks Which CCTV Products Require STQC Certification? The rule applies to: Network / IP cameras Digital Video Recorders (DVRs) Network Video Recorders (NVRs) Related IoT-based surveillance devices It primarily covers connected CCTV systems that transmit or store data digitally. What Is the Procedure for Obtaining STQC Certification? According to STQC guidelines: Submit an application (Forms F01, F02, F03) with all product details. Provide technical documentation and design specifications. Send product samples to an empaneled lab. Conduct performance and security testing as per ERs. Factory audit to verify manufacturing consistency. STQC review of reports and test results. Issuance of STQC certificate after compliance verification. Which Laboratories Conduct CCTV Testing Under STQC? STQC has empaneled laboratories that perform: Performance and endurance testing Cybersecurity vulnerability assessment Environmental and electrical safety tests Only these authorized labs can issue valid test reports used for certification. What Is the Deadline for Compliance? The final compliance deadline is April 9, 2025. After this date, no CCTV product can be sold or installed in India without STQC certification. What Are the Penalties for Non-Compliance? If a company fails to obtain STQC certification: Its CCTV products can be banned from sale in India. Licenses or tenders may be revoked. Legal penalties and financial losses can occur. The company may face import restrictions or product recalls. What Security Features Must a Certified CCTV Have? A certified CCTV must ensure: Encrypted communication and video feeds. Firmware integrity and secure update mechanisms. Authentication and access control systems. Anti-tampering and intrusion detection. These features make surveillance systems more secure and resilient against cyberattacks. How Does STQC Certification Affect CCTV Manufacturers? Manufacturers must redesign products to meet essential security and performance standards. They need to: Submit devices for testing. Maintain cybersecurity standards throughout production. Bear additional costs for lab testing and audits. However, certification also boosts trust, brand value, and market acceptance. What Are the Major Challenges for Manufacturers? Some challenges include: Limited number of testing labs. Costly and time-consuming testing process. Complex documentation and audit requirements. Delays in approval due to backlog. Which Brands Are Already STQC Certified? Some manufacturers already certified include: Matrix Comsec Prama India Sparsh Securitech Pvt. Ltd. Vicon Security Samriddhi Automation Pvt. Ltd. What Is the Role of Public Procurement Order (PPO) in STQC Certification? Under the Public Procurement Order (PPO) 2024, government departments can purchase only STQC-ER compliant CCTV systems. This ensures that public surveillance installations use trusted and certified products only. What Is the Future Outlook of STQC Certification for CCTV? Expansion of certification to other IoT products. More testing labs to reduce bottlenecks. Integration of blockchain-based traceability. Stronger cybersecurity requirements. Mandatory labeling for STQC-certified products. India aims to make STQC certification a mark of safety and trust for all smart surveillance devices. Is STQC Certification Required for all CCTV Models? Yes. All IP/network-based CCTV systems, DVRs, and NVRs must be certified by April 9, 2025. How Can users check if a CCTV is STQC-Certified? Buyers can verify model names on the official STQC Certified Product List

The Role and Powers of Legal Metrology Officers are crucial for maintaining fairness in trade and consumer protection. These officers are responsible for checking weights, measures, and packaged commodities to ensure businesses comply with the Legal Metrology Act, 2009. Their role not only includes inspection and enforcement but also creating awareness among traders and consumers about correct trade practices. Who are Legal Metrology Officers and What is Their Role? Legal Metrology Officers (LMOs) are government-appointed officials under the Legal Metrology Department. Their primary role is to regulate and monitor weights, measures, and packaging to ensure fair trade practices. They act as the watchdogs of the marketplace by making sure consumers get the correct quantity and quality of goods. What Powers are Given to Legal Metrology Officers under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009? Under the Act, LMOs are given powers such as: Inspection: Visit manufacturing units, markets, warehouses, and e-commerce hubs. Verification: Check weighing instruments, measuring devices, and packaged labels. Seizure: Confiscate defective, non-standard, or unverified weights and goods. Prosecution: File cases against businesses violating the law. Penalty Imposition: Recommend fines or imprisonment for repeated violations. What is the Responsibility of Legal Metrology Officers Towards Businesses? They guide businesses to follow labelling, packaging, and measurement rules correctly. Officers also provide clarity about registration and model approval, ensuring companies do not unknowingly violate the law. How do Legal Metrology Officers Protect Consumers? LMOs ensure that consumers are not cheated in terms of weight, measure, or price. For example, they verify that a 1 kg packet of rice really weighs 1 kg or that the declared MRP is not exceeded. Their work increases consumer trust in the marketplace. How do Legal Metrology Officers Conduct inspections? Inspections are carried out both regularly and surprise-based. Officers check: Accuracy of weighing machines in shops. Labelling on packaged goods. Calibration of fuel pumps. E-commerce product declarations. If any violation is found, they can seize products and issue notices immediately. What penalties can Legal Metrology Officers impose? Depending on the violation, penalties may include: Monetary fines (ranging from ₹2,000 to ₹1,00,000). Seizure of goods or instruments Suspension or cancellation of licenses. In serious cases, imprisonment of the offender. Do Legal Metrology Officers have the power to seize products? Yes, they have the authority to seize non-compliant products. For example, if packaged goods do not have mandatory declarations like net quantity, MRP, manufacturer details, or date of manufacture, officers can seize the stock and stop its sale. Which businesses are most commonly inspected by Legal Metrology Officers? LMOs regularly inspect: Retail shops (grocery, textiles, electronics). Manufacturers and packers of goods. E-commerce platforms. Petrol pumps and fuel stations. Weighbridges and warehouses. How do Legal Metrology Officers contribute to e-commerce regulation? They verify that online platforms follow mandatory declarations like seller details, MRP, country of origin, and net quantity on listings. This prevents misleading information and unfair practices in digital trade. What challenges do Legal Metrology Officers face? Some challenges include: Lack of awareness among traders. Rapid growth of e-commerce and digital trade. Use of sophisticated but tampered weighing machines. Limited manpower to cover vast markets. How do Legal Metrology Officers ensure transparency in trade? They create awareness programs, conduct routine checks, and ensure that only certified and verified instruments are used in trade. This increases trust among both businesses and consumers. What is the overall impact of Legal Metrology Officers on the market? Their presence ensures: Fair pricing. Accurate measurements. Consumer confidence. Reduction in fraudulent trade practices. Better compliance by businesses. Can a Legal Metrology Officer raid shops without prior notice? Yes, they can conduct surprise inspections to catch violations in real-time. What should businesses do if they receive a notice from a Legal Metrology Officer? Businesses must cooperate, provide the requested documents, and rectify non-compliance to avoid heavy penalties.

Legal Metrology compliance in the textile industry ensures that textile products such as clothes, fabrics, and garments are sold with correct labeling, weights, and measurements. This law protects consumers from misleading information and guarantees fair trade practices. In India, the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011 govern how textile manufacturers, importers, and sellers must display product details. It is especially important because the textile sector in India is one of the largest industries, with both domestic and international buyers relying on accurate product information. What Does Legal Metrology Compliance In The Textile Industry Mean In India? Legal Metrology compliance in the textile industry means following rules related to weights, measures, and labeling on textile products. It ensures that textiles sold in India clearly show details such as fiber composition, dimensions (e.g., length and width), net quantity, MRP, and manufacturer details. Without this compliance, businesses cannot legally sell packaged textile goods in the Indian market. Why Is Legal Metrology Compliance Important For Textile Manufacturers And Sellers? Legal Metrology compliance is important because it prevents unfair practices like under-measurement or mislabeling. For manufacturers and sellers, compliance builds trust with customers, avoids penalties, and helps maintain smooth business operations. Since textiles are often exported, compliance also helps in meeting international standards, making Indian textiles more competitive in global markets. Which Authority Regulates Legal Metrology Compliance In The Textile Industry? In India, the Department of Consumer Affairs under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution regulates Legal Metrology. At the state level, Controllers of Legal Metrology ensure inspections and enforcement for textile compliance. What Labeling Requirements Must Be Followed Under Legal Metrology Compliance For Textiles? For textile products, the label must include: Name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or importer. Generic name of the product (e.g., cotton shirt, polyester saree). Fiber composition (e.g., 100% cotton, 80% polyester + 20% cotton). Net quantity (in meters, pieces, or sets). Maximum Retail Price (MRP) inclusive of all taxes. Country of origin (for imported textiles). These details must be clear, readable, and not misleading. How Does Legal Metrology Compliance Apply To Textile Imports In India? Imported textiles must also follow Indian Legal Metrology rules before being sold in the market. Importers must ensure that labels are in line with the Packaged Commodities Rules, mentioning net quantity, manufacturer’s/importer’s details, and MRP. If labeling is not compliant, customs may stop the goods from clearance. What Packaging And Weight Declaration Rules Are Required Under Legal Metrology Compliance For Textiles? Textile packaging must correctly declare the weight and measurement of the product. For example: Fabric rolls must mention length in meters. Garments must declare the number of pieces in the pack. Net weight should not include packaging material. This helps consumers receive exactly what they are paying for. What Documents Are Necessary To Meet Legal Metrology Compliance In The Textile Industry? Key documents include: LMPC (Legal Metrology Packaged Commodity) registration certificate. Manufacturer or importer license. Product test reports (for weight/measurement). Packaging and labeling design approvals. These documents are required during inspections and for smooth imports. How Are Textile Products Inspected For Legal Metrology Compliance In India? Legal Metrology officers conduct random inspections in factories, warehouses, retail stores, and ports. They check product labels, weights, and packaging. Any mismatch between declared and actual measurements can result in penalties. What Penalties Exist For Non-Compliance With Legal Metrology Rules In The Textile Sector? Penalties include: Monetary fines (ranging from ₹25,000 to ₹1,00,000 depending on the violation). Seizure of non-compliant goods. Suspension of import or manufacturing licenses. Non-compliance may also damage the brand’s reputation and affect exports. How Does Legal Metrology Compliance Benefit Consumers In The Textile Industry? Compliance ensures that consumers are not cheated with wrong measurements or false fiber claims. For example, a saree labeled as “100% silk” must actually contain silk. This builds trust, protects consumer rights, and enhances transparency in trade. What Challenges Do Businesses Face In Meeting Legal Metrology Compliance For Textiles? Common challenges include: Frequent changes in labeling rules. Additional compliance costs for small manufacturers. Lack of awareness about packaging requirements. Customs delays for non-compliant imports. How Does Legal Metrology Compliance Affect E-Commerce Sellers Of Textile Products? E-commerce platforms must display product details like fabric type, dimensions, MRP, and country of origin online. The Legal Metrology (E-Commerce) Rules, 2017 make it mandatory for online textile sellers to show clear and correct information, just like physical stores. How Does Legal Metrology Compliance In India Compare With International Practices For Textiles? Globally, countries like the USA and EU also have strict textile labeling laws. For example: EU law requires fiber composition and care instructions. US Federal Trade Commission requires country of origin and fiber content. India’s Legal Metrology rules are largely in line with these standards, making compliance helpful for exporters. What Role Does Technology Play In Strengthening Legal Metrology Compliance In The Textile Industry? Technology like digital weighing machines, barcode systems, and online product registration helps businesses maintain accuracy in labelling and packaging. Authorities are also using mobile apps and online portals for quick inspections and reporting. What Is The Future Outlook Of Legal Metrology Compliance in the textile sector in India? The future will see stricter enforcement and digital monitoring. With the rise of online textile sales, compliance will become even more important. India is expected to align its rules more closely with international standards to promote textile exports. Is Legal Metrology Registration Mandatory For Textile Businesses In India? Yes, it is mandatory for manufacturers, packers, and importers of textiles sold in packaged form. What Happens If Textile Labels Do Not Comply With Legal Metrology Rules? Non-compliant products can be seized, and businesses may face heavy penalties.

Legal Metrology Inspections are government checks that ensure measuring instruments, packaged goods, and trade measures are accurate, correctly labelled and fair to consumers. Over the last few years, India has witnessed significant changes in how inspections are conducted and enforcement actions are taken — including the increased use of digital tools, larger-scale inspection drives, stricter packaging and labelling checks, and faster penalties for violations. These trends aim to protect consumers while also improving the ease of doing business for honest traders. What Are Legal Metrology Inspections In India? Legal Metrology Inspections are on-site checks by authorised officers to verify that weights, measures and packaged commodities comply with the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011. Inspectors check instruments (scales, fuel pumps, petrol dispensing units, weighbridges), packaged goods for correct declarations (net quantity, MRP, manufacturer), and licences/verification certificates. They may seize non-compliant goods, impose fines, or initiate prosecution depending on the severity. Why Are Legal Metrology Inspections And Enforcement Actions Important For Businesses? Inspections and enforcement keep markets fair. For businesses, they: Protect reputation – compliance builds buyer trust. Reduce disputes – correct weights/labels means fewer buyer complaints. Avoid penalties – timely compliance prevents fines or product seizures. Enable market access – many buyers and platforms demand proof of compliance. In short, inspections are not just a burden; they protect honest traders and level the playing field. What Government Bodies Conduct Legal Metrology Inspections And Enforcement In India? Primary authorities: Central Government (Department of Consumer Affairs) – frames policy, national rules and guidance. State Legal Metrology Departments / Controllers – carry out day-to-day inspections, issue licences and take enforcement actions locally. Specialised agencies (e.g., Food Safety or Transport departments) may act jointly for specific products (fuel, packaged food). The central office issues model rules and states implement and enforce them. How Are Legal Metrology Inspections Carried Out By Authorities? Inspections are done through: Routine checks at shops, markets, petrol pumps and factories. Surprise raids and targeted campaigns (festivals, peak sale seasons). Document audits (verifying licences, verification stamps, calibration certificates). Sampling of packaged commodities for lab testing. Joint drives with other departments (consumer affairs, food, police). Inspectors use checklists based on the Act/Rules; violations lead to notices, fines, or seizure depending on seriousness. Recent practice increasingly uses geo-tagging and electronic records to improve transparency.   What Are The Common Areas Checked During Legal Metrology Inspections? Common checks include: Weighing & measuring instruments: calibration stamps, accuracy certificates, and sealing. Fuel dispensers: calibration, nozzles, sales volume accuracy. Packaged goods: correct net quantity declaration, MRP, manufacturer/packer details, barcode/lot info. Display of prices (shop fronts) and correct measurement practices in retail. Licences & registrations (dealer licences, repairer licences where applicable). What Recent Trends Have Emerged In Legal Metrology Inspections In India? Recent trends include: Digitalisation — online registration, e-inspection records, and portals to file complaints.  Targeted nationwide drives — festival/seasonal inspections and fuel pump sweeps reported across states.  Data-driven enforcement — use of complaint data and sales patterns to focus inspections.  Relaxation and rationalisation of some procedural rules (the government has introduced reforms to ease compliance while safeguarding consumers).  Greater public awareness campaigns and coordination with consumer helplines.  These trends aim to make inspections more efficient, fair and technology-enabled. How Have Enforcement Actions Under Legal Metrology Laws Changed In Recent Years? Enforcement has become more proactive and visible: Higher number of surprise inspections and drives in retail, fuel stations and marketplaces.  Faster imposition of penalties and public reporting of violations to deter repeat offences.  Alternative dispute resolution and reduced fines in some states to balance enforcement with ease of doing business.  Overall, the approach is moving from occasional checks to continuous monitoring and structured enforcement. What Penalties Or Actions Are Taken After Non-Compliance Is Found In Legal Metrology Inspections? Depending on severity, authorities may: Issue warnings or improvement notices for minor breaches. Impose fines (amount varies by state and nature of violation). Seize non-conforming goods or equipment (e.g., faulty scales). Suspend or cancel the licences of traders or manufacturers for serious or repeated violations. Initiate prosecution under the Legal Metrology Act for deliberate fraud. Penalties aim to correct behaviour and deter cheating; states publish enforcement stats and take tougher action for repeat offenders. How Do Legal Metrology Inspections Affect Manufacturers, Importers, And E-Commerce Sellers? Manufacturers must ensure packaged commodities meet net quantity and labelling rules, maintain calibration and batch traceability. Inspections may target production lines and packaging processes. Importers need correct declarations, Certificates of Conformity and must ensure imported instruments have appropriate calibration and marking. E-commerce sellers face checks for product listings showing correct net quantity, MRP, and accurate measures; marketplaces increasingly require seller declarations and compliance certificates. Non-compliance can block sales, trigger recalls, and damage brand reputation. What Role Does Technology Play In Modern Legal Metrology Inspections And Enforcement Actions? Technology is central: Online portals for licence applications, verification scheduling and complaint registration (reduces paperwork).  Mobile apps and geo-tagging for inspectors to record visits, evidence and location. Digital calibration records and QR/code checks on packages for instant verification. Data analytics to prioritise high-risk traders and areas for inspections. These tools speed up enforcement, increase transparency and reduce room for manual error or corruption. How Do Legal Metrology Inspections Align With Consumer Protection In India? Legal Metrology is a key consumer protection mechanism – accurate weights and clear labels protect buyers from short-measures and hidden charges. Inspections reduce fraud, ensure pricing transparency (MRP enforcement), and help resolve consumer grievances through prosecutions or compensation where needed. The Legal Metrology Act sits under the Department of Consumer Affairs, linking inspections directly to consumer welfare. What Challenges Do Businesses Face During Legal Metrology Inspections And Enforcement Actions? Common business challenges: Complexity of rules across states and product types; multiple registrations to maintain. Frequent inspections lead to operational disruption. The cost of calibration and certification for many small traders. Differing interpretations of rules by local inspectors. Delays in lab testing or disputes over sampling methods. Smaller traders especially feel the compliance burden; governments are

Mandatory compliance for automated blood pressure devices means following the legal rules, standards and approval steps required by Indian regulators before these devices can be manufactured, imported, sold or used in healthcare. Automated blood pressure devices (digital sphygmomanometers and ambulatory/continuous BP monitors) are regulated because they directly affect diagnosis and treatment of hypertension — wrong readings can harm patients. The rules cover classification, registration/approval, quality systems, testing and labeling. What Does Mandatory Compliance For Automated Blood Pressure Devices Mean In India? Mandatory compliance requires that an automated blood pressure device meet the Medical Devices Rules, 2017 (MDR 2017) and any CDSCO notifications that apply, and that the manufacturer or importer obtains the required license/registration, follows required quality management systems, performs required testing/validation (accuracy, electrical safety), and labels the product per rules. In short: you must prove the device is safe, accurate and manufactured under an acceptable quality system before placing it on the Indian market. Why Is Mandatory Compliance Important For Automated Blood Pressure Devices? Patient safety: BP readings guide treatment — inaccurate devices can cause wrong therapy. Regulatory certainty: Compliance prevents seizures, fines or bans and speeds market access. Credibility and market acceptance: Hospitals, clinics and buyers prefer devices with regulatory approval and recognized validation. International trade: Meeting Indian and international standards helps with exports. Because blood pressure monitors are used clinically, India made registration and compliance mandatory to protect patients and ensure device reliability. How Are Automated Blood Pressure Devices Classified Under The Medical Device Rules, 2017? India uses a risk-based classification (Class A–D). Automated blood pressure monitoring devices are listed as Class B (low to moderate risk) under CDSCO’s notified list. This classification determines what regulatory pathway, inspections and documentation are required. Class B devices typically need site audit, quality system evidence and device-specific technical documents before license/registration. Which Authority Regulates The Mandatory Compliance For Automated Blood Pressure Devices In India? The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is the national authority for medical devices in India. CDSCO publishes classification lists, guidance documents, standards to follow, and manages the online portal (SUGAM) for registration/permits. State drug controllers handle local manufacturing licenses as applicable. What Certifications And Approvals Are Required For Automated Blood Pressure Devices? Typical required certifications/approvals include: CDSCO registration/license: For Class B devices, the manufacturer/importer must register or obtain the required import/manufacturing license via CDSCO (SUGAM portal) as per the applicable notifications.  Quality Management System: Evidence of QMS—ISO 13485 is strongly expected/used as proof of an effective QMS and is aligned with Fifth Schedule requirements of MDR 2017. Performance/accuracy validation: Clinical validation according to recognised standards (see next item). Electrical safety & EMC: Conformity to applicable IEC/ISO standards for medical electrical equipment (e.g., IEC 60601 family / particular standard for BP monitors ISO/IEC specific parts).  Lab testing certificates: Tests from accredited / CDSCO-recognised Medical Device Testing Laboratories where required.  Note: exact forms and approvals differ for manufacturers vs importers (Forms MD-3/MD-5 for manufacture; MD-14/MD-15 for import, etc. — see CDSCO guidance). What Documents Are Needed To Obtain Compliance For Automated Blood Pressure Devices? Typical documentation package (detailed and device-specific) includes: Administrative / identity documents Import Export Code (IEC) / company registration documents. Manufacturer’s authorization (for imports). Application forms on SUGAM (e.g., MD-14/MD-15 etc. depending on application).  Technical documents Device description, specifications, intended use and instructions for use (IFU). Design dossier (drawings, BOM, software description for embedded firmware). Risk management file (ISO 14971 style). Clinical / performance validation reports demonstrating accuracy (see ISO 81060-2 / AAMI/ESH/ISO protocols).  Standards and testing evidence Electrical safety reports (IEC 60601 series where applicable). EMC test reports. Biocompatibility (if any patient-contact materials). Quality system and manufacturing ISO 13485 certificate or QMS evidence per Fifth Schedule (if required). Site master file / manufacturing process descriptions. Batch release and traceability records.  Others Label and packaging samples complying with CDSCO labeling guidance. Certificate of free sale / market standing (if exported or imported). Test lab accreditation and reports (from CDSCO-recognized MDTLs).  (Always consult the specific CDSCO guidance document for the complete list for your application type.) What Labeling And Packaging Rules Apply To Automated Blood Pressure Devices? Labels must be accurate and contain required information: device name, intended use, manufacturer name & address, batch/serial number, manufacturing date, expiry date (if applicable), warnings and precautions, instructions for use, importer information (for imports), and any registration / license numbers if required by CDSCO. Packaging must protect device integrity and may need tamper-evident features. CDSCO’s labelling guidance and MDR 2017 rules set minimum content and language requirements; follow those plus any importing-country specific labeling rules. How Does Cdsco Ensure Safety And Quality Of Automated Blood Pressure Devices? CDSCO enforces safety and quality through: Notification & classification (making BP monitors a notified device and placing it under Class B).  Registration / licensing requirements and technical review of submitted dossiers.  Inspection / audit of manufacturing sites (especially for Class B+ higher classes).  Recognizing and using accredited testing laboratories for device evaluation.  Post-market surveillance and recall authority if devices are found unsafe.  These controls create multiple checks (pre-market and post-market) to protect patients.  What Are The Import Requirements For Automated Blood Pressure Devices In India? If importing: Import license (Form MD-15/MD-14) via CDSCO is required for notified devices (BP monitors are notified). Submit technical dossier, manufacturer’s authorization, test reports, and QMS evidence.  Customs clearance requires IEC, shipping documents and, where applicable, sanitary/standards certificates. Local authorized agent must be appointed for foreign manufacturers; the agent handles filings and post-market obligations. Labeling in local language / inclusion of importer details is required. What Penalties Exist For Non-Compliance Of Automated Blood Pressure Devices? Non-compliance penalties under MDR 2017 and Drugs & Cosmetics Act may include: Seizure of non-conforming devices. Fines and legal action against the manufacturer/importer. Suspension or cancellation of manufacturing/import license or registration. Recall and public warning if device causes harm. Penalties vary based on severity; repeated or harmful violations draw heavier action. Always follow CDSCO guidance to avoid enforcement. How Does Mandatory Compliance